About Crows and Nightingales: Which Factors Predict Vocal Abilities in Elementary School Children?

In this study, we explored associations between perception of musical features (pitch, tonality, timing, timbre, and loudness), vocal abilities (singing accuracy, melodic achievement, rhythmic performance), cognitive levels (reading accuracy comprehension, grammar, math) among children ages 6 to 12. Musical were measured using the Implicit Tonal Ability Test. Vocal Cognitive standardized Dutch performance tests on academic skills. We investigated which factors (age, gender, levels, school type, music abilities, participation in education) predict how these differed by age. Results showed that singing was best predicted math level, abilities. Melodic achievement age, Rhythmic instrumental education, Regardless their differences large. advise teachers provide activities repetition prediction patterns, scales, all intervals, intonation are practiced, including transposing melodies repeating patterns.